the direction/inspiration

book cover research

homework for typography 2

research the books for book cover projects

READINGS

_ What are some ways to indicate a new paragraph. 

scale, color, indentations...

_ What are some things to look out for when hyphenating text.

that you dont have odd separations and have at least two letters pre hyphenation

from type to font

_ Define font hinting. Why is necessary?

is the use of mathematical instructions to adjust the display of an outline font so that it lines up with a rasterized grid. aesthetic purposes 

_ What is letterspacing/tracking? How do you track in Illustrator or InDesign

_ Define Kerning? Name 8 kerning pairs. How do you kern in InDesign or Illustrator?

is the process of adjusting the spacing between characters in a proportional font, usually to achieve a visually pleasing result. Wa To Ya AV ry LT QU ch manually 

_ try the kerning game (link). how did you do?

_ What is wordspacing?

refers to the size of the space between words

Typographic Recommendations and Referenced
_ Explain DIN.

an acronym for the German Deutsches Institut für Normung(German Institute for Standardization), and the name of an increasingly large realist sans-serif typeface family.

_ What is a baseline grid?

The grid in Baseline is composed of 4 basic columns, for more flexibility each column can be divided in 2 units

_ How many characters per line is optimal? Is there a range?

45 -75 yep there is a range

_ Define aesthetic text alignment (optically hanging punctuation).

mercy of text rendering, sizing, and window space all at the discretion of the viewer. 

_ What is a typographic river?

are gaps appearing to run down a paragraph of text, due to a coincidental alignment of spaces. 

_ What is a widow?

A widow is a line that begins a paragraph and is abandoned at the bottom of a page.

_ what is an orphan?

It is a single line at the top of a page which finishes a paragraph that was contained on the previous page

French Lifestyles

robert doisneau

http://staleywise.com/collection/doisneau/doisneau.html


French photographer Robert Doisneau
(1912-1994).

Robert Doisneau, one of France's most popular and prolific reportage photographers, is known for his modest, playful, and ironic images of amusing juxtapositions, mingling social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris streets and cafes. Influenced by the work of Kertesz, Atget, and Cartier-Bresson, in over 20 books Doisneau has presented a charming vision of human frailty and life as a series of quiet, incongruous moments. He has written: "The marvels of daily life are exciting; no movie director can arrange the unexpected that you find in the street."Text from 'The Encyclopedia of Photography' (1984) - Robert Doisneau

Photographers in Question

Ellen von Unwerth
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_von_Unwerth
http://www.taschen.com/pages/en/catalogue/photography/all/06311/facts.ellen_von_unwerth_fraeulein.htm

Horst P Horst
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst_P._Horst
http://www.jacksonfineart.com/HorstP-Horst.html

Joel Sternfeld
http://www.luhringaugustine.com/artists/joel-sternfeld
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Sternfeld

Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin
http://inezandvinoodh.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inez_van_Lamsweerde_and_Vinoodh_Matadin

Lori Nix
http://www.lorinix.net/
http://www.fastcodesign.com/1662890/lori-nixs-stunning-tiny-dioramas-depict-an-abandoned-world-slideshow

Steven Meisel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Meisel
http://www.shockblast.net/steven-meisel-photography/
http://freshpics.blogspot.com/2009/02/steven-meisel-photography.html

Todd Hido
http://www.toddhido.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_Hido

the hunt is on....

 

1000 words

type face history

San-serif types are also known as Gothics in the US and Grotesks or Lineales in Europe. The types can be broadly divided into three categories - Grotesques, Geometrics, and Humanists. Many sans-serif type faces are highly legible - the Humanist and Grotesque designs perhaps more so than the Geometric. All san-serif types produced in the 19th century are known as Grotesques. 

The flexibility and plastic quality of the san-serif design was later exploited by morris Benton at American Typefounders in 1908 when he designed the News Gothic family of type - trade gothic is similar. Some narrow sans-serif that save on space include News Gothic, Trade Gothic, ITC Officina Sans, and Bell Centennial, narrow design for setting telephone directories in the US. 

The main characteristics of Grotesque sans-serif : some contrast ing ht e thickness of the letter strokes, a slight squareness to the curves, the capital R usually has a curled leg, the lower-case g is often but not always open-tailed, and the capital G usually has a spur. 

The first lineates, or sans serif can be found in catalogues at eh beginning of the nineteenth century; they were bulky and tended to exist only in the upper case. Wood-letter forms existed, but were restricted to large-scale display use. St the beginning of the twentieth century there was interest in the form with the growth of display print needs, and Morris Fuller Benton was quick to cover the market for ATF with Alternate Gothic, Granklin Gothic and News Gothic. The strokes have contrast and there is a squared-off crudeness to the curves. The later Trade Gothic, by Jackson Burke, is altogether smoother; however, Franklin Gothic has more than stood the test of time to remain immensely popular in editorial and advertising. 

Trade Gothic, first released in 1948 by Linotype and added to in succeeding years to produce and extensive family of variations. Designed by Jackson Burke, this is a utilitarian face (condensed even in its standard form) that mixed Modernist tweaks into a basic nineteenth century sans.

The typeface is a simple grotesk that remains a common choice for books, magazines, and newspapers due to its spacious counters and legibility. It portrays a wonderful character and sturdiness, especially in condensed weights. Trade gothic was a revived version of News Gothic. 

Designed by: Jackson Burke 1948

Classification: Grotesque

Foundry: Ludlow, Linotype

Number of fonts: 14

Weights: 3

Expert features: small caps, Old-Style figures, super and subscript, ordinals

Special features: condensed and estended fonts

Language support: Central European

The first cuts of Trade Gothic were designed by Jackson Burke in 1948. and further weight and styles were added until 1960. The family is enlivened by a certain variation of underlying structure across the family of 12 weights and widths with a bold condensed form noticeably more square-sided and mechanistic than the lighter weights. These variants comprise a lively and versatile sans-serif family fit for a wide range of uses. The bold condensed fonts are popular in the newspaper industry for headlines. 

typeface designer

 Jackson Burke (1908–1975), who continued to work on further style-weight combinations (eventually 14 in all) until 1960 while he was director of type development for Mergenthaler-Linotype in the USA. The font family includes 3 font weights and 3 widths.

Trade Gothic does not display as much unifying family structure as many other sans-serif families (like Futura, Helvetica, Univers, ITC Avant Garde, Frutiger, Avenir, and Akzidenz Grotesk), but this dissonance is typical of types which are — or seem to be — hand worked. It is often seen in combination in multimedia and advertising with Antiqua and/or roman text fonts, while the condensed versions are sometimes utilized for headlines. From San Francisco, California, Burke  was an American type and book designer. After studying at the University of California, Berkeley, he succeededC.H. Griffith as Director of Typographic Development at Mergenthaler Linotype from 1949 until 1963, where he designed several type faces.[1]

He was also responsible for a number of other achievements at Mergenthaler-Linotype including:

• development of fonts for native American languages[2]
• development of the TeleTypesetting System (TTS) for magazine use
• development and implementation of the first phase of Linotype Group's photocomposition library

trade Gothic series (Linotype), considered by some to be a knock-off of M.F. Benton's News Gothic. Designed for newspaper work, particularly for headlines and classified advertising.

what happened in 1948

Nobel Prizes

• Physics – Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett
• Chemistry – Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
• Medicine – Paul Hermann Müller
• Literature – T. S. Eliot

• Peace – not awarded

United States Presidential Election 1948 Harry S. Truman (Democratic)

Porsche is founded

1 million households own Televisions was 5,000 just 3 years earlier

Velcro Switzerland by George deMestral 

Transistor Radio USA from Bell Laboratories

Cost of a gallon of Gas 16 cents

Movie Ticket 60 Cents

Indian pacifist and leader Mahatma Gandhi is murdered on 26th January by a Hindu extremist

The Land Rover Series I is shown for the first time at the Amsterdam Car Show

The Foreign Assistance Act ( The Marshall Plan ) is agreed to provide more than $13 billion in aid to war torn Europe between 1948 and 1951

The UN creates the WHO World Health Organization

The United States and Great Britain begins a massive airlift of food, water, and medicine on June 26th to the citizens of West Berlin following the Soviet Blockade.

NASCAR holds its first race for modified stock cars at Daytona Beach

The Summer Olympics are held in London, England

The Winter Olympic Games are held in St. Moritz, Switzerland

U.S. continues to cope with severe postwar inflation while rocked by labor unrest

House Un-American Activities Committee accuses Alger Hiss of spying for the Soviet Union

Communists seize power in Czechoslovakia 

"Big bang" theory of the universe’s origin postulated 

Noted food critic Duncan Hines founds a company to make prepackaged cake mixes

"Scrabble" introduced
Frisbee invented

First Nikon Camera

Nov - 1st Polaroid camera for sale